Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Developmental
Child
Adolescent
Sports
Social
Schools
Educational
Clinical
Counseling
Abnormal
Cognitive
Industrial
Health
Analytical
Dreams
Behavioral
Forensic & Criminal

All children and adolescents experience stressful events which can affect them both emotionally and physically. A child or adolescent who experiences a catastrophic event may develop ongoing difficulties known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The stressful or traumatic event involves a situation where someone's life has been threatened or severe injury has occurred (ex. they may be the victim or a witness of physical abuse, sexual abuse, violence in the home or in the community, automobile accidents, natural disasters (such as flood, fire, earthquakes), and being diagnosed with a life threatening illness). A child's risk of developing PTSD is related to the seriousness of the trauma, whether the trauma is repeated, the child's proximity to the trauma, and his/her relationship to the victim(s).

A child with PTSD may also re-experience the traumatic event by:

* having frequent memories of the event, or in young children, play in which some or all of the trauma is repeated over and over
* having upsetting and frightening dreams
* acting or feeling like the experience is happening again
* developing repeated physical or emotional symptoms when the child is reminded of the event

Children with PTSD may also show the following symptoms:

* worry about dying at an early age
* losing interest in activities
* having physical symptoms such as headaches and stomachaches
* Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), "Facts for Families," No. 70 (10/99)
* showing more sudden and extreme emotional reactions
* having problems falling or staying asleep
* showing irritability or angry outbursts
* having problems concentrating
* acting younger than their age (for example, clingy or whiny behavior, thumbsucking)
* showing increased alertness to the environment
* repeating behavior that reminds them of the trauma

The symptoms of PTSD may last from several months to many years. The best approach is prevention of the trauma. Once the trauma has occurred, however, early intervention is essential. Child and adolescent psychiatrists can be very helpful in diagnosing and treating children with PTSD.